What can a reader infer about Hemingway’s writing philosophy from the following text?

What can a reader infer about Hemingway’s writing philosophy from the following text?

Ernest Hemingway’s spare style was markedly different from the elaborate prose that short-story writers and novelists had often used in the 1800s. Through understatement and irony, Hemingway’s fiction suggests connections that the reader is left to infer. “I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg,” he said. “There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part that shows.”

Question 18 options:

a) 

He deliberately chose to keep his writing simple so that the reader can infer meaning.

b) 

Hemingway wrote vast texts about nature and animals.

c) 

The atrocities of war were comparable to the feeling of being frozen underwater in sub-zero temperatures.

d) 

The chaos of the period inspired him to give up writing.